The Greater Horn of Africa (GHA) in the June to August season reported an increase in incidents of vector-borne and waterborne diseases and in particular cholera and malaria. Below-normal rainfall is expected over most parts of the Greater Horn of Africa in the October to December (OND) season, with the strongest signal over eastern parts of the region, including southern Ethiopia, much of Somalia, eastern Kenya, and parts of central and southern Tanzania.

The incidence of Cholera and Acute Watery Diarrhoea (AWD) are likely to rise as water scarcity forces populations to rely on contaminated sources. A decrease in rainfall may elevate the risk of vector-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue, Zika virus, and Chikungunya, with malaria transmission in Ethiopia typically peaking between September and November.

Increased heat stress and heat-related illnesses are anticipated across much of The Greater Horn of Africa (GHA), with the highest likelihood in the eastern sub-region, where warmer-than-average surface temperatures are projected. Heightened awareness and preventive measures for mental Health are also recommended, as livelihood stress associated with drought-like conditions are expected to exacerbate mental health challenges.