Observed changes in wet days and dry spells over the IGAD region of eastern Africa
Changes in wet and dry patterns have an impact on rain-fed agriculture, crop productivity, and food
security in Eastern Africa.
The purpose of this research is to look into the changes in wet days and dry periods within the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) region.
There were 10 historical simulations and projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) models used as data sources.
These were Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station Data (CHIRPS) and Multi-Model Ensembles (MME).
Several statistical approaches, as well as wet and dry spell thresholds, were used to calculate patterns of change in wet and dry spells on a decadal (10-year), 20, 30, and 41-year time scale. The results show the region exhibited a decrease in the number of wet days and protracted dry spells in the 1980s, followed by an extraordinary (exceptional) increase in wet days in the subsequent decades (2011–2020) during March-May (MAM), June–September (JJAS), and October-December (OND). In Kenya, Somalia, southeastern Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti, the probability of surpassing 7, 14, 21, and 28 days (1, 2, 3, 4 spells) was less than 5%.
Additionally, an increase or decrease in the number of wet days and dry spells over the majority of the region led to floods in 1997, 2018, 2019, and 2020, as well as droughts in 1983, 1984, 1985, and 2021.
The number of wet days is projected to decrease by 10–20% during the MAM season across Sudan, South Sudan, and central and northern Ethiopia, JJAS is projected to increase by 30–50% across central and northern Sudan. However, during the OND season, increases are projected over Uganda, Ethiopia, and Kenya under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) scenarios.
These findings contributed to the advancement of scientific knowledge in the IGAD region, as well as
decision-making, food security, and the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies.
We encourage rain-fed agriculture, crop variety planning, and irrigation supplements.
