An advisory note by UN-Habitat and IGAD providing an anticipatory action framework to help city and municipal leaders prepare for El Niño-related risks. The guide outlines practical measures for translating climate forecasts into early action through effective early warning systems, impact-based scenarios, pre-agreed triggers, anticipatory financing, institutional coordination and sector-specific preparedness. It offers actionable guidance for strengthening urban resilience, protecting vulnerable communities and reducing the impacts of flooding, disease outbreaks and other climate-related hazards.